The short answer is maybe, but the planter box itself is not what attracts bees. Bees are drawn by flowers that provide nectar and pollen. If your porch planter contains blooming, bee-friendly plants, then yes, you may see bees visiting it, especially during warm weather and when few other flowers are available nearby. If it contains foliage plants, ornamental grasses, succulents, or non-flowering plants, it is much less likely to attract bees to your front door.
Location matters, but not as much as plant choice. A planter right next to the front door can increase the chance that you notice bees coming and going, but foraging bees are usually focused on flowers and are not interested in people. They generally do not attack unless they are trapped, stepped on, or feel threatened. Still, if someone in your household is allergic to bee stings or is nervous around insects, it is wise to avoid nectar-rich flowers directly beside the doorway.
For a low-bee-risk porch planter, choose plants grown mainly for foliage rather than flowers, or pick flowers with less accessible nectar. Place the planter a few feet away from the door and out of the main walking path. Avoid strong, sweetly scented blooms near the entrance, and do not leave standing water in saucers, because water and sugary residue can attract wasps and other insects. Also keep fallen petals and fruit cleaned up.
You can still enjoy an urban planter box by your front door. Just match the plants to your comfort level: use leafy greenery if you want to minimize bee visits, or accept a few foraging bees if you choose flowering plants. With sensible placement and plant selection, a porch planter does not need to make your front door a bee problem.